5. Acknowledgments
 
Preparation of this report has been substantially aided by the co-operation and contributions of many persons engaged in the harvesting, milling, value-adding, marketing, sale, export and promotion of camphor laurel timber and products derived therefrom, as well as in other fields such as timber production and vegetation management generally. These persons include:
 
Ian Baulch, Department of State and Regional Development, Tweed Heads.
Peter Bauman, Department of Land and Water Conservation, Grafton.
John Brims, Brims Wood Panels Pty Ltd, Queensland.
Steve Brown, Grafton City Council, Grafton.
Don Brushett, Australian Tea Tree Oil Research Institute, Lismore.
Laurie Capill, Department of Primary Industries, Nambour, Queensland.
Ann Carkery, Northern Rivers Area Consultative Committee, Tweed Heads.
Geoff Davis, G. R. Davis Pty Ltd, Sydney.
Stephen Derkley, Flow-form Furniture, Byron Bay.
David Douglas, Nimbin Sawmill, Nimbin.
Paul and Dianne Freestone, Rosebank Timber Traders, Rosebank.
Doug Hammond, Mebbin Environment Centre, Kunghur.
David Hart, Department of Land and Water Conservation, Grafton.
Robin Heathcote, State Forests of NSW, Hardwood Plantations Division, Grafton.
Merv Hegarty, Plantchem Pty Ltd, Brisbane.
John Ireland, Mullumbimby Timber Salvage, Mullumbimby.
Kym Ising, Timber Slab Factory, Mullumbimby.
Stan Kuziemko, agent for Brims Wood Panels Pty Ltd, North Queensland.
Keith Lamb, State Forests of NSW, Hardwood Plantations Division, Grafton.
Rob Latham, Eco-furniture and Timber, Byron Bay.
Paul Lubrano, Advanced Technology Research Pty Ltd, Ballina.
Bill McGilvray, Australian Essential Oil Co. Pty Ltd, Coraki.
John Macgregor-Skinner, Northern Rivers Regional Development Board, Ballina.
Frank McLeod, Department of Land and Water Conservation, Grafton.
Bill Marshall, Australian Wood Works, Uki.
Martin Novak, Sub-tropical Farm Forestry Association, Corndale.
Peter O’Connor, Economic Development Unit, Lismore City Council, Lismore.
Andrew Rozsa, CSIRO Division of Forestry and Forest Products, Clayton, Victoria.
Paul Ryan, Queensland Forestry Research Institute, Gympie, Queensland.
Peter Saenger, School of Resource Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore.
Greg Saville, Uralba.
Bruce Scott, Far North Coast County Council, Casino.
Jeffrey Shaw, Camphor House and New Zealand Shipping Co., Springwood, Queensland.
Ian Shaw, Camphor Timbers of Australia, North Tumbulgum.
Graeme Short, Department of Land and Water Conservation, Grafton.
Paul Snape, Fox Road Timbers, Rosebank.
Ian Southwell, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar.
Alison Specht, School of Resource Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore.
Brian Spillane, Moxon and Company Pty Ltd, Fairfield Gardens, Queensland.
Greg Steele, Timber Slab Factory, Mullumbimby.
Gary Waugh, CSIRO Division of Forestry and Forest Products, Clayton, Victoria.
Mark Williams, Stokers Siding.
Mark Yaldwyn, Nashua Timbers, Nashua.
 

 
6. Bibliography
 
The following is an extensive (although not exhaustive) bibliography of Cinnamomum camphora in Australia and elsewhere.
 
AUSTRALIA
Journal articles
 
Carter, P., Whittall, J. and Lamb, K., in prep. ‘Random branch sampling for direct estimation of biomass weight of Cinnamomum camphora on the north coast of NSW.’
 
Chapman, M. R., 1973. Further notes on the use of camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) as a relaxing agent, Australian Entomological Magazine 1(3), 17.
 
Firth, D. J., 1979. Camphor laurel: important tree weed in north-east New South Wales, Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 90, 14-15.
 
Firth, D. J., 1980. History of introduction of Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel tree) to Australia, Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 46(4), 244-245.
 
Firth, D. J., 1981. Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)—a new weed in north-eastern New South Wales, Australian Weeds 1(2), 26-28.
 
Upitis, B., 1972. Camphor laurel leaves as a relaxing agent, Australian Entomological Magazine 1(2), p?
 
Books and Book Chapters
 
Boland, D., Brophy, J. J. and House, A. P. N. (ed.), 1991. Eucalyptus Leaf Oils (Inkata Press, Melbourne).
 
Date, E. M., Ford, H. A. and Recher, H. F., 1991. ‘Frugivorous pigeons, stepping stones, and weeds in northern New South Wales’, in Saunders, D. A. and Hobbs, R. J. (ed.) Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors (Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney), pp. 241-245.
 
Reports
 
Bishop, R. A., 1993. ‘Coffs Harbour water supply augmentation EIS, Aquatic studies—freshwater fishes, Stage one—data collection’, Mitchell McCotter Assoc., for NSW Department of Public Works and Coffs Harbour City Council.
 
Kingston, M. B., Turnbull, J. W., Hall, P. W., Boulton, S. C. and Storey, R. J., 1999. ‘Tweed vegetation management plan 1999’, 2 vols, Ecograph Ecological and Geographical Information Systems Consultants, Murwillumbah, for Tweed Shire Council.
 
McMillan, M. G. and Strachan, N. J., 1986. ‘1984 results. Weed Research and Demonstration Unit. Woody Weeds’, Department of Agriculture, Glen Innes, 72 pp.
 
Far North Coast County Council, 1998. ‘Camphor laurel on the North Coast of NSW: a study of community attitudes to the potential for declaration of camphor laurel as a noxious weed’ (FNCC, Casino).
 
Theses and Student Research Projects
 
Deegan, J., 1993. ‘Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees and Eberm.) within the Richmond-Tweed region of northern New South Wales—a review of current literature and suggestions for future management,’ Integrated Project report, Faculty of Resource Science and Management, University of New England-Northern Rivers, Lismore.
 
Firth, D. J., 1979. ‘The ecology of Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) in the Richmond- Tweed region of north-eastern New South Wales’, B. Litt. thesis, University of New England, Armidale.
 
Fox, M., 1997. ‘A comparison of three herbicide injection methods on the woody weed camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) (L.) Nees & Eberm. and the initial vegetation recruitment phase in the Richmond-Tweed region of New South Wales’, M. App. Sc. qual. report, School of Resource Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore.
 
Gosper, C. R., 1994. ‘Comparison of the avifauna of rainforest remnants with regrowth dominated by the exotic tree camphor laurel, Cinnamomum camphora’, B. Natural Resources report, University of New England, Armidale.
 
Johns, G. W., 1994. ‘Allelopathic interactions between Pennisetum clandestinum and Cinnamomum camphora and other sub-tropical tree species’, Integrated Project report, Faculty of Resource Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore.
 
Mason, T., 1995. ‘Use of the exotic weed camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) by avifauna of the Richmond River region: implications for camphor eradication and rainforest rehabilitation’, Integrated Project report, School of Resource Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore.
 
Wallis, J., 1993. ‘An investigation into the usefulness of remote sensing for mapping Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) distribution within the Big Scrub area’, Integrated Project report, Faculty of Resource Science and Management, University of New England-Northern Rivers, Lismore.
 
Other Monographs
 
Firth, D. J., 1985. Camphor laurel: chemical treatment methods, Agfacts, NSW Department of Agriculture, Sydney, 1 p.
 
Firth, D. J., 1986. Camphor laurel, Agfacts, NSW Department of Agriculture, Sydney, 4 pp.
 
Firth, D. J., 1990. The problem of camphor laurel in a restoration program for north coast red soils, Agnote, NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Wollongbar, 4 pp.
 
Firth, D. J. and Dyason, R. E., 1991. Use of hoop pine to rehabilitate camphor laurel infested soils in the Richmond-Tweed region, Agnote, NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Wollongbar, 2 pp.
 
Miscellaneous publications
 
Bower, H., 1998. Another opinion on camphor toxicity, Big Scrub Landcare, Newsletter of the Big Scrub Remnants Landcare Group, 2?, 17-18.
 
Friend, J., 1998. Are camphor laurels toxic? Big Scrub Landcare, Newsletter of the Big Scrub Remnants Landcare Group, 2?, 15-16.
 
Friend, J., 1998. More on camphor laurel, Big Scrub Landcare, Newsletter of the Big Scrub Remnants Landcare Group, 2?, 16.
 
Friend, J., 1999. More than one camphor? Big Scrub Landcare, Newsletter of the Big Scrub Remnants Landcare Group, 3(8), 15-16.
 
OTHER COUNTRIES
 
Journal articles
 
American Academy of Paediatrics, 1994. ‘Camphor revisited: focus on toxicity’, Paediatrics 94, 127-128.
 
Ansari, M. A. and Razdan, R. K., 1995. Relative efficacy of various oils in repelling mosquitoes, Indian Journal of Malariology 32, 104-111.
 
Baruah, A. K. S., Bhagat, S. D., Hazarika, J. N. and Saikia, B. K., 1975. Examination of volatile oil of Cinnamomum camphora grown at Jorhat, Assam, The Indian Journal of Pharmacy 37(2), 39-41.
 
Bhandari, J., 1995. Comparative chromatographic studies of Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Nees & Eberm. young pollarded bushes and trees of essential oil, Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 19(2), 287-292.
 
Bryant, P. L., 1925. Chinese camphor and camphor oil, The China Journal of Science and Arts 3, 228-234.
 
Coblentz, V., 1907. History and uses of camphor in pharmacy and medicine, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 26, 382-383.
 
Crane, J. E. and Joyce, C. M., 1907. Notes on the analysis of camphor, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 26, 386-388.
 
Croteau, R., 1980. The biosynthesis of terpene compounds, Perfumer and Flavorist, VIII Essential Oil Congress 1980, 35-59.
 
De Medici, D., Pieretti, S., Salvatore, G., Nicoletti, M. and Rasoanaivo, P., 1992. Chemical analysis of essential oils of Malagasy medicinal plants by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy, Flavour and Fragrance Journal 7, 275-281.
 
Douglas, J. S., 1973. The camphor tree and camphor production, Soap, Perfumery and Cosmetics 46(5), 295.
 
Dung, N. X., Khien, P. V., Chien, H. T. and Leclercq, P. A., 1993. The essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb. var. linaloolifera from Vietnam Journal of Essential Oil Research 5, 451-453.
 
Geerts, Dr, 1875. Preliminary catalogue of the Japanese kinds of wood, with the names of the trees from which they are obtained, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 4, 1-26.
 
Gupta, V. K. and Negi, Y. S., 1982. A note on physical and mechanical properties of Cinnamomum camphora (cinnamon) from New Forest, Dehra Dun (U. P.), Indian Forester 108(6), 438-443.
 
Hasimoto, K., Ohtani, Y. and Sameshima, K, 1997. The termiticidal activity and its transverse distribution in camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) wood, Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society 43(7), 566-573 [summary in English]
 
Hayashi, N. and Komae, H., 1971. Isolation and identification of palmitone from the leaves of Lauraceae plants (Cinnamomum camphora Sieb., Neolitsea sericea Koidz., Lindera umbellata Thunb.), Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 48(3), 288.
 
Henry, A., 1897. The production of camphor in China, Pharmaceutical Journal 4th series 4, 201.
 
Hirota, N., 1953. An examination of the camphor tree and its leaf oil, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 44, 4-10.
 
Hirota, N., 1953. Component-analysis of the leaf oil of each sub-variety of the camphor tree, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 44, 167-171, 201-204, 236-241.
 
Hirota, N., 1954. The oil of every part of the east camphor tree, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 45, 5-9, 41-49.
 
Hirota, N., 1954. Change of the properties of the oil of the east camphor tree with time, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 45, 397-403.
 
Hirota, N., 1956. Camphor and camphor oil production, etc. in Formosa before World War II, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 47, 17-22.
 
Hirota, N. and Hiroi, M., 1967. The later studies on the camphor tree, on the leaf oil of each practical form and its utilisation, Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 58, 364-367.
 
Hong, K. J. and Tsai, Y. L., 1997. Identification of woods used for the traditional timber construction in Taiwan, Forest Products Industries 16(4), 557-582 [Chinese; English abstract]
 
Howes, F. N., 1927. The variability of the camphor tree in Formosa, Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, 157-164.
 
Jantan, I. and Goh, S. H., 1992. Essential oils of Cinnamomum species from peninsular Malaysia, Journal of Essential Oil Research 4, 161-171.
 
Kim, Y. S. and Singh, A., 1994. Ultrastructural aspects of bacterial attacks on a submerged ancient wood, Mozukai Gakkaishi 40(5), 554-562.
 
Lawrence, B. M., 1976. Recent progress in essential oils, Perfumer and Flavorist 1, 31-34.
 
Lawrence, B. M., 1977. Recent progress in essential oils, Perfumer and Flavorist 2, 32-35.
 
Lawrence, B. M., 1979. Progress in essential oils, Perfumer and Flavorist 4, 49-55.
 
Lawrence, B. M., 1995. Progress in essential oils, Perfumer and Flavorist 20, 29-41.
 
Lin, Y. T., Kuo, Y. H., Chen, T. T. and Kao, S. T., 1977. The essential oil of cineol tree (Cinnamomum camphora, subsp. formosana Hirota), Perfumer and Flavorist 2, 60.
 
Liu, T. and Liao, J., 1979. Miscellaneous notes on the native and introduced woody plants of Taiwan (III), Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 32, 307-312.
 
Lucas, K., 1971. A lament for the camphor tree, American Forests 77(4), 34-36.
 
Mishra, A. K., Dwivedi, S. K., Kishore, N. and Dubey, N. K., 1991. Fungistatic properties of essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora, International Journal of Pharmacognosy 29, 259- 262.
 
Ogata, Y., Nobuchi, T. and Fujita, M., 1996. An analysis of the seasonality of wood formation in cinnamon trees and eucalyptuses by knife-cutting method, Bulletin of the Kyoto University Forests, no. 68, 116-126.
 
Ogawa, K. and Takano, Y., 1997. Seasonal courses of CO2 exchange and carbon balance in fruits of Cinnamomum camphora, Tree Physiology 17(6), 415-420.
 
Pandey, A. K., Bora, H. R., Deka, S. C., Rastogi, R. C. and Baruah, A. K. S., 1997. Composition of the essential oil of the bark of Cinnamomum camphora, Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 19(2), 408-409.
 
Pelissier, Y., Marion, C., Prunac, S. and Bessiere, J.-M., 1995. Volatile components of leaves, stems and bark of Cinnamomum camphora Nees et Ebermaier, Journal of Essential Oil Research 7, 313-315.
 
Petyaev, S. J., 1930. The camphor tree [summary], Bulletin of Applied Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding 24(4), 327-332.
 
Pino, J. A. and Fuentes, V., 1998. Leaf oil of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl from Cuba, Journal of Essential Oil Research 10, 531-532.
 
Rawat, B. S., Rajput, S. S. and Pant, B. C., 1976. Studies on working qualities of Indian timbers, Indian Forester 102(1), 43-56.
 
Satoo, T., 1968. Primary production and distribution of produced dry matter in a plantation of Cinnamomum camphora, Bulletin of the Tokyo University Forests no. 64, 241-275.
 
Sattar, A., Gilani, A. M. and Saeed, M. A., 1991. Gas chromatographic examination of the essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 34(4), 135-136.
 
Schoff, W. H., 1922. Camphor, Journal of the American Oriental Society 42, 355-370. Schuepphaus, R. C., 1907. Technical application of camphor, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 26, 383.
 
Shukla, N. K., Guru, R. D., Singh, K. R., Khanduri, A. K. and Lal, M., 1994. A note on physical and mechanical properties of some natural grown and plantation timbers, Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 25(1-2), 67-77.
 
Singh, J., Barua, K. N. and Nath, S. C., 1995. Comparative micromorphological studies of two chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, Acta Botanica Indica 23, 127-128.
 
Singh, R. and Negi, J. D. S., 1997. Biomass prediction and distribution of organic matter in a natural Cinnamomum camphora stand, Indian Forester 123(12), 1161-1170.
 
Smith, R. H., 1875. Experiments upon the strength of Japanese woods, Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 4, 27-28.
 
Takaoka, D. and Hiroi, M., 1976. Two acyclic monoterpene diols from Cinnamomum camphora, Phytochemistry 15, 330.
 
Takaoka, D., Takaoka, K., Ohshita, T. and Hiroi, M., 1976. Sesquiterpene alcohols in camphor oil, Phytochemistry 15, 425-426.
 
Takaoka, D., Imooka, M. and Hiroi, M., 1979. A novel cyclopentone, 5-dodecanyl-4-hydroxy-4- methyl-2-cyclopentenone from Cinnamomum camphora, Phytochemistry 18, 488.
 
Wan-yang, S., Wei, H., Guang-yu, W., De-xuan, G., Guang-yuan, L. and Yin-gou, L., 1989. Study on chemical constituents of the essential oil and classification of types from Cinnamomum camphora, Acta Botanica Sinica 31(3), 209-214.
 
Wilson, E. H., 1920. Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Ebermaier, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 1, 239-242.
 
Zhu, L., Ding, D. and Lawrence, B. M., 1994. The Cinnamomum species in China: resources for the present and future, Perfumer and Flavorist 19, 17-22.
 
Books and Book Chapters
 
Arctander, S., 1960. Perfume and flavor materials of natural origin (Elizabeth, N. J.)
 
Chudnoff, M., 1984. Tropical timbers of the world, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook no. 607.
 
Donkin, R. A., 1999. Dragon’s brain perfume: an historical geography of camphor (Brill, Leiden).
 
Hiraizumi, T., 1950. ‘Oil of camphor’, in Guenther, E. (ed.), The Essential Oils, vol. 4, pp. 256-328 (D. van Nostrand, New York).
 
Howard, A. L., 1948. A manual of the timbers of the world, their characteristics and uses, 3rd ed. (Macmillan, London).
 
Keating, W. G. and Bolza, E., 1982. Characteristics, properties and uses of timbers, volume 1, South-east Asia, northern Australia and the Pacific (Inkata Press, Melbourne).
 
Streets, R. J., 1962. Exotic forest trees in the British Commonwealth (Clarendon Press, Oxford).
 
Tisserand, R. and Balacs, T., 1995. Essential oil safety: a guide for health care professionals (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh).
 
Other Monographs
 
Mugasha, A. G., 1978. ‘Preliminary results on the performance of Cinnamomum camphora Nees from a tree increment plot in Tanzania’, Tanzania Silviculture Technical Note no. 37, 8 pp.
 

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