Glossary page A - G
Glossary page O - Z

HARVESTING PLAN
A plan prepared for site specific logging or other timber removal operations

HEADWALL
A device placed at the end(s) of a culvert. Headwalls are used to:

• Retain the road formation soil around and above the culvert ends;
• Direct the entry/exit of water to/from the culvert;
• Prevent erosion at the entrance and exit to the culvert. Headwalls may be constructed from rock, gabion baskets, concrete, sandbags or logs.

HARVEST
The cutting, felling, and gathering of forest timber.

HEATH AND SCRUB
Areas dominated (greater than 50% crown cover, where crown cover is the area of ground covered by projecting the outline of the crown vertically to the ground) by woody shrubs less than two metres tall at maturity, but up to seven metres tall. Tea tree scrub is an example.

HERITAGE ITEM

• Any item of environmental heritage within the meaning of the Heritage Act 1977,
• Any relic within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, or
• Any Aboriginal place within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1974.

HIGH QUALITY LARGE SAWLOG
A log of a species suitable for sawing that has a centre diameter under bark of at least 40 cms. The log can carry a reasonable amount of defect but requires at least 10 cms of clear wood outside the measured pipe (defective centre of the log) for a log of 40 cms diameter. The minimum clear wood thickness increases with the diameter of the log.

HIGH QUALITY SMALL SAWLOG
A log of a species suitable for sawing that has a centre diameter under bark of generally between 30 and 39 cms. The centre diameter can be smaller than 30 cms but log quality especially straightness becomes increasingly important. The log can carry some defect but as the diameter decreases the quality of the log has to increase.

INLET SUMP
In cases where the bottom (invert) of a Relief Pipe (Culvert) is below the road side Table Drain invert, a box structure or inlet sump is placed in the Table Drain to allow water to drop vertically into the pipe culvert. Inlet sumps are used to prevent the erosion of the Table Drain down to the level of the culvert invert with the simultaneous fretting and erosion of the adjacent road formation.

INTERMEDIATE CROWN
Trees with crowns that extend into the canopy formed by the dominant and co-dominant trees. These trees receive little direct sunlight from above and none from the sides. Crowns generally are small and crowded on all sides.

INTOLERANCE
a characteristic of certain tree species that does not permit them to survive in the shade of other trees.

JANIS CRITERIA
The criteria as described in the JANIS Report for establishing the CAR Reserve System addressing Biodiversity, Old Growth forest and Wilderness, taking account of reserve design and management and social and economic considerations.

JANIS REPORT
The report by the Joint Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) / Ministerial Council on Forestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture (MCFFA) National Forests Policy Statement Implementation Sub-committee, titled Nationally Agreed Criteria for the Establishment of a Comprehensive, Adequate and Representative Reserve System for Forests in Australia, published by the Commonwealth of Australia in 1997.

KNOWN SITE
(in connection with Aboriginal Sites) A known site is one which is registered on the NPWS Aboriginal Sites register and/or known to the Aboriginal community, and/or located during surveys.

LANDSLIP
Landslides composed predominantly of soil, or soil and underlying weathered material, initiated by shear failure along one or more distinct slip faces, and which move down slope for only relatively short distances.

LIVE-CROWN RATIO
The ratio of the leaved portion of a tree's height to its total height.

LOG DUMP
An area where forest products are assembled for processing and sorting of logs prior to loading onto a truck.

MACHINERY
Machinery used in timber harvesting operations. Basic logging machinery can include crawler tractors, wheeled tractors, skidders, log trucks and four wheel drive vehicles.

MASS MOVEMENT
Mass movement may be defined as the down slope movement, by gravity, of soil and/or rock by the processes of slumping, falling, sliding and flowing.

MITRE DRAIN
A drain used to conduct runoff water from the shoulders of the road to a disposal area away from the road alignment.

MULTI-AGED
Stands of trees which are intermediate between even and uneven aged stands. Two or more age or species groups can be distinguished within the stand, although the boundaries may not be clearly defined. Examples of multi-aged stands include stands where regeneration is occurring in patches opened in the stand (due to timber harvesting or death of over mature trees), and two-tiered or two-storied forests.

NATIONAL FOREST POLICY STATEMENT
"N.F.P.S" The National Forest Policy Statement (1992) endorsed by the Commonwealth and all State and Territory Governments.

NATIONAL REGISTRATION AUTHORITY
National body responsible for the registration of pesticides for use in Australia.

NATURAL SURFACE ROAD
A road that is unsealed or not gravelled.

NON-COMMERCIAL THINNING
The removal of trees for management purposes that have a limited value and are usually left in the forest. Also referred to as pre-commercial thinning.

Glossary page A - G
Glossary page O - Z